Immunomodulatory Effects of Tephrosia purpurea Extract on Malaria in Mice baixar mp3
de Ms Lydia WANYAGA ISINDU
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Descrição do livro
Malaria is a life-threatening disease, causing high morbidity and mortality in many countries, and for which researchers are trying to find a cure. Tephrosia purpurea, a plant growing in many arid and semi-arid regions, possesses some chemotherapeutic value. Decoction of the dried plant is used for purifying blood and in managing ailments like boils, skin rashes, body pains and inflammation, lung diseases, indigestion, colic, and chronic diarrhea. Between 2009 and 2011, in vitro investigation on an aqueous T. purpurea aerial crude extract revealed its anti-plasmodial properties and a flavone (terpurinflavone), which had activity against Plasmodium falciparum. The current study evaluated the crude extract for possible immunomodulatory effects in Plasmodium berghei-infected and non-infected BALB/c mice. Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 1 × 10⁷ P. berghei-infected erythrocytes and allowed to rest for 72 hours for disease establishment. Groups of mice were treated with either T. purpurea aerial crude extract (200 mg/kg bwt), chloroquine (5 mg/kg bwt), or normal saline (10 ml/kg bwt) in volumes of 0.2 ml for four days. Blood samples were collected by tail puncture, smears made, and stained with Giemsa. Parasites and differential white blood cells quantified under ×100 light microscope magnification. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture using a 25-gauge needle into heparinized 1 ml syringe, plasma prepared and later used for quantification of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Paired and two-sample t-tests on experimental data indicated significant immunomodulation and antiplasmodial effect of T. purpurea (P<0.05). The extract seemed to possess curative potential against established infection of P. berghei in the mice, confirmed by its ability to significantly reduce mice parasitemia (P<0.05). It also exhibited immunomodulatory properties in infected mice by significantly reducing (P<0.05) the immune responses of neutrophils and IFN-γ. It similarly reduced levels of neutrophils with chloroquine (P<0.05), but on the contrary, it downregulated IFN-γ and lymphocytes to significantly less extent than the standard drug (P<0.05). The extract suppressed peripheral lymphocytes, monocytes, and IFN-γ in non-infected mice to significantly less extent than chloroquine. Still, it caused significant (P<0.05) downregulation of neutrophils than chloroquine within a day post-treatment. Additionally, the crude drug extract caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in basophil counts in infected mice and also basophils, neutrophils, and IFN-γ in non-infected mice. Conclusively, the T. purpurea aerial crude extract displays anti-Plasmodium and immunomodulatory properties in P. berghei-infected mice and also immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive properties in non-infected mice. This study recommends testing of T. purpurea aerial crude extract against other Plasmodium species, and also in human in vitro studies.
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