Linear Integrated Circuits: Analysis, Design and Applications (English Edition) kindle baixar
de Harmeet Singh
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Descrição do livro
Linear integrated circuits occupy an uncomfortable position in the engineering curriculum. They are taught after digital electronics, when students have grown used to circuits that either work or do not; they are taught from textbooks that either dwell on the internal physics of the silicon or leap straight to cookbook applications; and they are examined by questions that reward the memorising of formulae rather than the exercise of judgement. Yet the practising engineer meets these devices constantly, and meets them in circumstances where judgement is exactly what is required: an amplifier that oscillates, a filter whose response is not what the table promised, a converter that resolves sixteen bits and measures twelve.
This book is an attempt to bridge that gap. It begins with the fabrication process, not because the reader will ever make a chip, but because every peculiarity of linear design — the preference for transistors over resistors, the reliance on ratios, the absence of inductors, the excellence of matching — follows from it. It proceeds through the differential pair and the current mirror to the operational amplifier, and thence to the applications, always returning to the question of what limits the performance and by how much.
How the Book Is Organised
The sixteen chapters fall into four groups. Chapters 1 to 4 are foundational: integrated circuit technology, the differential amplifier and current sources, the architecture and specification of the operational amplifier, and feedback with its consequences for frequency response and stability. Chapters 5 to 9 treat applications of the operational amplifier: the linear configurations, integrators and differentiators, active filters, oscillators and waveform generators, and comparators and non-linear processing. Chapters 10 to 14 deal with the major special-purpose circuits: the phase-locked loop, the 555 timer, voltage regulators, data converters, and special-function devices such as multipliers and transconductance amplifiers. Chapters 15 and 16 are concerned with practice: noise, grounding, layout and troubleshooting, followed by four worked design case studies that draw the earlier material together.
Every chapter opens with a statement of learning objectives and closes with a summary, a table of key formulae, review questions, numerical problems with answers, and objective-type questions with a key. Worked examples appear throughout, and they are worked in the way an engineer actually works: choosing a component, substituting the nearest standard value, and then checking what damage the substitution has done. Six appendices supply preferred component values, mathematical tools, filter design tables, selected device data, a glossary and a guide to further reading.
How to Use It
A first course of one semester may be based on Chapters 1 to 9, with selections from Chapters 10 to 13 according to the syllabus. A second course, or a course for students who have already met the operational amplifier, may begin at Chapter 4 and proceed to the end. The practising engineer will find Chapters 15 and 16 the most immediately useful, and is invited to start there and work backwards as the need arises.
The problems are of two kinds. The numerical problems have definite answers, given at the end of each chapter, and are intended to build fluency. The review questions have no numerical answers and are intended to be difficult; several of them ask why something is done in a particular way, and a reader who can answer them has understood the chapter. Readers are strongly encouraged to build the circuits. Analogue electronics is an experimental subject, and no amount of analysis substitutes for having watched an amplifier oscillate because a decoupling capacitor was fifteen millimetres from where it should have been.
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